Wednesday, January 23, 2008

Is Morgellons and Old or New Disease?


By Jon Christian RyterJanuary 23, 2008


A mysterious parasitic disease, named Morgellons Disease by biologist Mary Leitao of McMurray, Pennsylvania in 2002 because doctors could not identify it, is now taking its toll on an estimated 7,000 American citizens. And no one has an answer to [a] what it is, [b] what triggers the condition, or [c] how to kill the unidentified parasite that indiscriminately attacks men, women and children. Morgellons, which some physicians still insist is an imaginary disease caused by too much Internet access and too much time on someone's hands, is not only real, there is no cure, nor is there a consistent protocol to treat it. Nor does it appear that there is a consistent manner in which its victims contract the disease. Chemtrailers believe Morgellons Disease is the result of government experimentation, and that its victims contract it through chemtrail debris. Interesting theory. Wrong conclusion. Morgellons is a parasitic infection. The parasite appears to be a filarial nematode that acts like a silkworm, leaving behind a trail of bizarre fibers. If the condition was caused by inhaling either chemical or biological agents or having them land on the victim and penetrate their skin, the chemical or biological agents would still be inorganic on, or in, the human body. In addition, hundreds of thousands of people have been exposed to chemtrails. Why would only 7,000 or so people in the United States have contracted this disease? Because it's not related to chemtrails. Of course, there may be thousands more who are suffering with this parasitic disease who are being treated by their dermatologists for eczema, cellulitis, scabies, or some other skin disorder as they complain that it feels like they have worms under their skin. Modern Morgellons has been around for three-quarters of a century. A British physician, Dr. C.E. Kellott first identified it in 1935. He used the provencial term, masclous (little flies), to describe it. Dr. Jeffrey Meffert, MD, Associate Professor of Dermatology at the University of Texas has attempted to debunk Morgellons as an nonexistent disease. He agrees that the patients have something, but it is more likely scabies or some form of eczema which be believes may be prurigo nodularis (a skin disease characterized by itchy pea-sized nodules which usually appear on the arms and/or legs). However, prurigo nodularis may look like Morgellons in its initial stage, but as it progresses, prurigo nodularis does not develop the fiber strands which are prevalent with Morgellons Disease. It was summer 2001. It was evening. About 9 p.m in the middle class home on a wooded, dead-end street in the McMurray area of Peters, Pennsylvania. Mary Leitao's husband was sleeping. He came home from work, tired. Hard day. Leitao's two oldest children had also gone to bed. Leitao's two-year old, Drew, was sick. He had an irritated spot under his bottom lip—which he told his mother felt like it was full of bugs. Mary Leitao had taken Drew to several Pittsburgh-area dermatologists and pediatricians. None could identify what Drew had, other than to call it scabies or eczema. They prescribed various ointments and creams. None of them worked. On this night, she bathed her son and was applying a cream ointment that seemed to be working well at stopping the itching. Drew lay snuggling in his mother's lap, lulled by the bath; dry and warm. Leitao began rubbing the ointment on her son in gentle, circular motions, something unusual happened. A fiber-like substance came from Drew's skin. She collected a sample of the fibers and got her son's $8 Radio Shack microscope and looked at the fibers. Since that night, she's examined those strands—and others—under various microscopes at the University of Massachusetts and, later, as a medical researcher at a Boston hospital. The fibers now obsess her completely because what she sees in people with Morgellon Disease—a name she coined based on her research of the research done by Sir Thomas Browne of a medical malady he discovered in 1690—are at odds with the American medical community which says Morgellons does not exist. But if you ask former Oakland Athletic relief pitcher Billy Koch or his wife Brandi, they will assure you it exists. When Morgellons struck Koch, he was transferred from the Toronto Blue Jays to Oakland, and from Oakland to Chicago; and finally, from Chicago back to Toronto. He developed the mysterious illness—Morgellons Disease—in 2004. So did his wife Brandi and their three children. The mysterious illness? According to Brandi Koch, it consisted of strings and black specks coming out of their skin. "[Billy] freaked out," she said. "He wanted to ignore it. I wanted to, too. But when it comes to your kids, you gotta stop ignoring it." In two years Koch was out of baseball. The fans couldn't understand the illness, because his body didn't twitch and he showed no signs that he was sick when he pitched. Except, he stopped winning games. And the teams that owned his contract wanted to dump him. When it first struck Brandi Koch, she said she began to be increasingly forgetful and detached. Her doctor diagnosed her as having Lymes Disease, "Then," she said, "the horror really started. I noticed there was some kind of matter coming out of my skin, not just where I had sores." Prior to the illness, she worked regularly and competed in 10K runs. Then her legs and arms began to swell, and, for no reason, she got lesions on her back. Doctors decided she had an autoimmune disease, perhaps arthritis. Then they decided it was probably scleroderma. Doctors had no idea what was wrong, and chose to ignore the fibers which she insisted were coming out of her skin. The doctors decided the threadlike substance was fibers from the clothing she wore, and refused to associate it with her illness. In 2006, a young man in Texas afflicted with Morgellons Disease committed suicide because his doctors would not believe there were things growing out of his skin. "Parasitosis is a classic form of shared delusion," Dr. Mary Seeman, an emeritus professor of psychiatry at the University of Toronto said. "Skin disease is [a] perfect [catalyst] for it. A person gets a rash or something, then the disease spreads through any shared space in which there is close contact." One woman convinced her husband that neighbors were shooting at her with lasers. Another convinced her sister that they were both being attacked by bugs. "When a person has something bothering him these days," Seeman said, "they get online [where they] get reinforcement [of their] ideas." And, of course, the conspiracy is born. Mary Leitao, who in Seeman's view would likely be one of the ringleaders of the fiber conspiracy, created the Morgellons Research Foundation website in her home. But Drew Leitao, like most of those who have been—and still are—misdiagnosed, still sees doctors who still fail to believe that the fibers are not related to the illness, which is still diagnosed as eczema. When Sue Laws of Gaithersburg, Maryland first experienced Morgellons, it felt like bees stinging her back. The stinging sensation was so severe she screamed for her husband. When he checked her back, there was nothing there. She didn't believe him. To prove it, he stuck strapping tape on her back and ripped it off to prove it was nothing. The tape was covered with little red fibers. Only, Laws was not wearing any red clothing. Over the next few months, the itching got worse. And, worse yet, it felt like there were bugs crawling under her skin. Her doctor could not find anything wrong. The Laws, believing there was some type of insect infestation tore up all the carpeting in their house and sanded the floors. Then, suspecting it might be some type of mold, they stripped all the wallpaper and painted the walls. Her condition worsened. Every morning she found black specks on her sheets, and where the specks were on her body, there were droplets of blood. Like the Kochs', her joints began to ache. But, in her case, her hair began to fall out and, for no reason, her teeth began to rot. Then one morning as she looked in the mirror, a pink worm came out of one of her eyeballs. Sue Laws was convinced she was going to die a very horrible death, It was at that time that she found Mary Leitao's website. The things Laws was experiencing were the list of symptoms for Morgellons. They included the crawling, biting and stinging sensation she had experienced, plus the joint pain, the black specs, the threadlike hairs, the blood droplets, and everything else she had experienced except the pink worm and a springtail fly she coughed up. New Yorker Christina Doe (last name omitted) decided to "winter" in a rented condo in Florida in 2004. Within a month or so she began to wonder if the home might have a flea infestation. Christina was experiencing what felt like bug bites, and she had a constant, nagging itch. Her Florida friends thought she might have noseeums (a microscopic mite), or chiggers or some other form of mites; and gave her the remedies for all of them. Because the house she rented had a dog and several stray cats that hang around like the place was home, Christina set off bug bombs to kill what she believed was a flea population—eight times. When she returned to New York, she passed the infliction on to her sister, two daughters and a granddaughter. Like Mary Leitao, her son, the Koches, and Sue Laws, Christina experienced all of the symptoms of Morgellons. The doctor gave her lotions for the itching and the constant stinging sensation. While her sister and daughter—her blood relatives—contracted the disease from her, her daughter's husband and grandson did not. After a year-and-a-half. Christina discovered Mary Leitao's Morgellons Research Foundation website and realized what she had. But, like every other victim of Morgellons still has the problem. Carol Doe, also a New Yorker (and also an alias), managed employee communications for a Fortune 100 company until she got Morgellons. Where she used to spend hours each week negotiating multi-million dollar contracts, she now has trouble writing a simple statement—which could take a whole day or longer to complete. Now she has trouble getting out of bed before noon. She no longer drives—and no longer invites friends into their home—and no longer allows her husband to share their marital bed, fearful that she will pass her horrible disease on to him or onto family and friends. In 2006 a doctor diagnosed her with what he said was a Lyme-related called Morgellons Disease. Pam Winkler of Bel Air, Maryland was a content suburban housewife. She had two beautiful children and a bright future until she contracted this strange new disease that some people called the 'fiber disease." When Morgellons struck, the doctors told her it was her imagination. Because everyone insisted it was in her mind, Winkler ultimately ended up in the psychiatric ward against her will—and also ended up on antipsychotic medication against her will. In the end, her husband divorced her and she lost custody of her children. Seeking relief from the pain and constant itching, she sampled cocaine and found it offered relief. Today she in confined in a mental hospital in North Carolina. Her body is covered with lesions from the disease and, according to Winkler, she blows black fibers and specks from her nose. The doctors at the hospital believe the lesions are self-inflicted. While the medical community is skeptical that Morgellons is a real medical problem, thousands of those afflicted with the disease have flooded Congress with letters, three of the Presidential candidates—Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama and John McCain pressured the Centers for Disease Control to investigate the disease. As a result of that pressure, the CDC agreed, on Jan. 17, 2008, to dedicate a million dollars per year for two years for an epidemiological study on what the CDC termed "an unexplained dermopathy which, they said, was now affecting about 2,000 people per year. While the Foundation claims 7,000 people have registered with the Morgellons Research Foundation, the CDC noted that their investigation has established that about 11,000 families in the United States and around the world are afflicted with this strange, undefined disease.

Contol Lupus

Control Lupus Symptoms, Lead a Full Life
Sunnyvale, CA, January 23, 2008 --(PR.com)-- At Mitamins, a new supplement formula targeted at Lupus from Dr. Balch has been launched. This natural lupus treatment formula is designed to control the symptoms of lupus as well as promote overall health. Botanicals, such as ginger, having strong anti-inflammatory properties are included. The supplement also contains a mix of essential nutrients which can improve overall health.Lupus is undoubtedly a potentially serious illness. However, it is important to recognize that most patients with lupus lead full, active, healthy lives. Periodic increases in disease activity can usually be managed by varying treatment. Taking DHEA daily can help to reduce disease activity and mitigate muscle aches and oral ulcers. Ginger helps indirectly to relieve pain by reducing inflammation and by lowering the body's level of natural pain-causing compounds.People with lupus are at increased risk of infections, especially if they are taking corticosteroids or immunosuppressive medications. Flaxseed contains omega - 3 fatty acids which can decrease lupus-induced inflammation, and is important in supporting the natural treatment of lupus.DHEA seems to improve bone mineral density in Lupus patients being treated with high dose corticosteroids. A Complete Multivitamin Mix including antioxidants helps to improve overall health.About MitaminsMitamins (my-vitamins “made just for me”) develops, manufactures and markets condition-specific supplements. It operates an online platform to provide made-on-demand products directly to consumers. Mitamins eliminates the hassle of too many bottles and capsules, the risk of drug-supplement interactions, and the uncertainty of what supplements to take. With the world’s largest collection of condition-specific supplement formulas, Mitamins will combine all your supplement needs into 1 formula, 1 bottle, 1 dosage, and fewer capsules.For further company information, please visit our website at http://www.mitamins.com/.

Tuesday, January 22, 2008

Diagnosing Lupus


Lupus is chronic, complex, and difficult to diagnose. No single lab test can tell if you have lupus. Many lupus symptoms imitate symptoms of other diseases and often come and go. Your primary care doctor or rheumatologist will use your medical history, a physical exam, and many routine as well as special tests to rule out other diseases.
Many physicians also use the American College of Rheumatology's "Eleven Criteria of Lupus" to aid in the diagnosis of lupus. The criteria include symptoms as well as specific laboratory findings that provide information about the functioning of a person's immune system. In most cases, the diagnosis of lupus is made when four or more of the criteria have occurred at some time.


The "Eleven Criteria"



  1. Malar rash: butterfly-shaped rash across cheeks and nose

  2. Discoid (skin) rash: raised red patches

  3. Photosensitivity: skin rash as result of unusual reaction to sunlight

  4. Mouth or nose ulcers: usually painless

  5. Nonerosive Arthritis (bones around joints do not get destroyed): in 2 or more joints with tenderness, swelling, or effusion

  6. Cardio-pulmonary involvement: inflammation of the lining around the heart (pericarditis) and/or lungs (pleuritis)

  7. Neurologic disorder: seizures and/or psychosis

  8. Renal (kidney) disorder: excessive protein in the urine, or cellular casts in the urine

  9. Hematologic (blood) disorder: hemolytic anemia, low white blood cell count, or low platelet count

  10. Immunologic disorder: antibodies to double stranded DNA, antibodies to Sm, or antibodies to cardiolipin

  11. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA): positive test in absence of drugs known to induce it

A Positive ANA Test: Should You Worry?


If you have positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test, it does not automatically mean you have lupus. Your immune system is your body's natural defense against disease. A positive ANA blood test shows that your immune system is making an antibody (protein) that reacts with components of your body's cells. This is called autoimmunity and may or may not be harmful to your body.
While a positive ANA may be associated with an autoimmune illness like lupus, it does not mean you have the disease. Approximately 20% of the normal population will have a positive ANA test; positive tests are also seen in other conditions, such as thyroid disease, certain liver conditions, and other autoimmune diseases.
Before making a diagnosis, your doctor should be able to find objective physical or laboratory evidence of the condition, such as swelling of your joints, protein in your urine, fluid around your lungs or heart, or a positive skin biopsy.


If You Are Diagosed With Lupus


For many lupus patients, following their doctors' instructions very carefully is the first step in the right direction. While lupus can be disruptive to everyday life and even life-threatening, the good news is that, with the correct medication and a healthy lifestyle, many lupus patients can enjoy an improved quality of life.

Signs and Symptoms of Lupus

No two cases of lupus are exactly alike. Signs and symptoms may come on suddenly or develop slowly, may be mild or severe, and may be temporary or permanent. Most people with lupus experience episodes — called "flares" — of worsening signs and symptoms that eventually improve or even disappear completely for a time.
The signs and symptoms of lupus that you experience will depend on which body systems are affected by the disease. But, in general, lupus signs and symptoms may include:

  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Weight loss or gain
  • Joint pain, stiffness and swelling
  • Butterfly-shaped rash (malar rash) on the face that covers the cheeks and bridge of the nose
  • Skin lesions that appear or worsen with sun exposure
  • Mouth sores
  • Finger and toes that turn white or blue when exposed to cold or during stressful periods (Raynaud's phenomenon)
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain
  • Dry eyes
  • Easy bruising
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Memory loss

Lupus Causing Gene


Boston (eCanadaNow) - An international team of researchers has come out and stated that they have found a group of genes which cause lupus.Lupus is an autoimmune disorder which affects mainly young women.Dr. Noel Rose, director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Autoimmune Disease Research stated "It's an important moment in autoimmune disease research."There are many papers which make up the research, three of which appear in the journal Nature Medicine, while one is in the New England Journal of Medicine.Researchers have found many new genes such as ITGAM, KIAA1542, and others as confirmed to raise the risk of developing lupus, which affects 1.5 million people in the U.S. each year.Lupus is a disease which makes your body literally attack itself.The hope is that the discovery of these genes being involved could help researchers pinpoint the true causes of lupus to the point where they can make new treatments for it. It will provide a far better understanding of the disease.

Lupus Genes Discovered


International team of researchers finds fresh suspects for autoimmune disease
By Carolyn Colwell
Posted 1/21/08
MONDAY, Jan. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Researchers from around the world have pinpointed a batch of genes that can trigger lupus, a complex autoimmune disorder that has defied both a clear-cut diagnosis and a cure for decades.

"It's an important moment in autoimmune disease research," noted Dr. Noel Rose, who is director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Autoimmune Disease Research. At least 1.5 million people in the United States suffer from lupus, a disease in which the body mistakenly begins to attack itself.
The papers, three of which appear in the Jan. 20 online issue of Nature Medicine and one of which is published in the Jan. 20 online issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, identify both novel and familiar genetic suspects for lupus. The findings lend support to the theory that a "consortium" of genes are responsible for the development of lupus, said Rose, who three decades ago became one of the first researchers to connect a specific gene with an autoimmune disease.
The researchers identified several new genetic players -- ITGAM, KIAA1542, PXK and rs10798269 among them -- that raise the risk of developing lupus, and they also confirmed other genetic regions already associated with the disease. Some of the genes that had been identified previously, such as PTPN22 and STAT 4, are associated with other autoimmune diseases such a rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, the researchers noted.
"It is exactly the thing I was dreaming about so many years ago -- that there would be common genes that would be involved in many autoimmune diseases," Rose said. It's a case of the "bad luck hypothesis," which means "you inherited all of these genes that are perfectly normal regulatory genes, and you got just too many of them, and that will bias your response this way or that way" in terms of developing the disease, Rose explained.
The discovery that many genes are involved "means we may be one step closer to better therapies in the short run -- several years as opposed to 10 years. If we can figure out what these genes are responsible for and we can alter that, we may have a major impact on the disease," said Dr. Susan Manzi, co-director of the Lupus Center for Excellence at the University of Pittsburgh and a co-author on one of the studies.
"A better understanding of why you have this disease and what's gone wrong [creates] a potential to target better therapies," she added. A greater definition of which genes are implicated in symptoms of lupus involving the brain or kidneys, for example, would allow for more accurate screening and monitoring of people at risk for lupus, she explained.
"The holy grail is for you to have a set of genes that when they are together in the right combination incur an extremely high risk" so that people at risk can be identified and vaccinated to prevent the disease, Manzi added.
Some of the papers are the result of the recent availability of new microchip technology that allows genome-wide scans, according to Dr. Carl Langefeld, co-director of the International Consortium for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Genetics (SLEGEN), which produced the discoveries reported in Nature Genetics.
Referring to some of the studies' overlap in results, Langefeld added, "The identification of the same genetic markers in different samples further strengthens our confidence in these findings."
A fifth study done by the Scripps Institute, which appeared in the Jan. 18 issue of Immunity, took an entirely different approach, focusing instead on a genetic mutation that reduces one's risk of developing lupus, Rose added.
Lupus can affect the skin, joints, lungs, blood and other organs, and lead to cardiovascular, kidney and arthritic problems, according to the Lupus Foundation of America. Women are much more likely to be struck by lupus than men, and black women are more vulnerable than white women to developing the disease.
The role that a family history of the disease plays has been known for some time, noted Dr. Robert Kimberly, principal investigator for SLEGEN. A sibling of a person with lupus has a 20 to 30 times greater likelihood of developing the condition.
Experts also say environmental factors might jumpstart the disease.
This latest research "represents an acceleration of discovery," Kimberly said. "It's not just encouraging. It has us all quite excited about what we might be able to accomplish."

What is Lupus?


Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, joints, heart, lungs, blood, kidneys and brain. Normally the body's immune system makes proteins called antibodies, to protect the body against viruses, bacteria, and other foreign materials. These foreign materials are called antigens.

In an autoimmune disorder like lupus, the immune system cannot tell the difference between foreign substances and its own cells and tissues. The immune system then makes antibodies directed against itself. These antibodies -- called "auto-antibodies" (auto means 'self') -- cause inflammation, pain and damage in various parts of the body.

Inflammation is considered the primary feature of lupus. Inflammation, which in Latin means "set on fire," is characterized by pain, heat, redness, swelling and loss of function, either on the inside or on the outside of the body (or both).

For most people, lupus is a mild disease affecting only a few organs. For others, it may cause serious and even life-threatening problems. Although epidemiological data on lupus is limited, studies suggest that more than 16,000 Americans develop lupus each year.

The Lupus Foundation of America (LFA) estimates between 1.5 - 2 million Americans have a form of lupus, but the actual number may be higher. More than 90 percent of people with lupus are women. Symptoms and diagnosis occur most often when women are in their child-bearing years, between the ages of 15 and 45.

In the United States, lupus is more common in African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and Native Americans than in Caucasians.

Bipolar disorder


Bipolar disorder is not a single disorder, but a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood, clinically referred to as mania. Individuals who experience manic episodes also commonly experience depressive episodes or symptoms, or mixed episodes which present with features of both mania and depression. These episodes are normally separated by periods of normal mood, but in some patients, depression and mania may rapidly alternate, known as rapid cycling. The disorder has been subdivided into bipolar I, bipolar II and cyclothymia based on the type and severity of mood episodes experienced.

Also called bipolar affective disorder until recently, the current name is of fairly recent origin and refers to the cycling between high and low episodes; it has replaced the older term manic-depressive illness coined by Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) in the late nineteenth century.[1] The new term is designed to be neutral, to avoid the stigma in the non-mental health community that comes from conflating "manic" and "depression."

Onset of symptoms generally occurs in young adulthood. Diagnosis is based on the person's self-reported experiences, as well as observed behavior. Episodes of illness are associated with distress and disruption, and a relatively high risk of suicide.[2] Studies suggest that genetics, early environment, neurobiology, and psychological and social processes are important contributory factors. Psychiatric research is focused on the role of neurobiology, but a clear organic cause has not been found. Bipolar disorder is usually treated with medications and/or therapy or counseling. The mainstay of medication are a number of drugs termed 'mood stabilizers', in particular lithium and sodium valproate; these are a group of unrelated medications used to prevent relapses of further episodes. Antipsychotic medications, sometimes called neuroleptics, in particular olanzapine, are used in the treatment of manic episodes and in maintenance. The benefits of using antidepressants in depressive episodes is unclear. In serious cases where there is risk to self and others involuntary hospitalization may be necessary; these generally involve severe manic episodes with dangerous behaviour or depressive episodes with suicidal ideation. Hospital stays are less frequent and for shorter periods than they were in previous years.

Some studies have suggested a significant correlation between creativity and bipolar disorder. However, the relationship between the disorder and creativity is still very unclear.[3][4][5] One study indicated increased striving for, and sometimes attaining, goals and achievements.[6] While the disorder affects people differently, individuals with bipolar disorder tend to be much more outgoing and daring than individuals without bipolar disorder. The disorder is also found in a large number of people involved in the arts. It is an ongoing study as to why many creative geniuses had bipolar disorder.

schizophrenia


schizophrenia /schizo·phre·nia/ (skit?so-fren´e-ah) (-fre´ne-ah) a mental disorder or group of disorders characterized by disturbances in the form and content of thought (e.g., delusions, hallucinations), in mood (e.g., inappropriate affect), in sense of self and relationship to the external world (e.g., loss of ego boundaries, withdrawal), and in behavior (e.g., bizarre or apparently purposeless behavior); it must cause marked decrease in functioning and be present for at least six months.schizophren´ic
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catatonic schizophrenia a form characterized by psychomotor disturbance, which may be manifested by a marked decrease in reactivity to the environment and in spontaneous activity, by excited, uncontrollable, and apparently purposeless motor activity, by resistance to instructions or attempts to be moved, or by maintenance of a rigid posture or of fixed bizarre postures.
childhood schizophrenia former name for schizophrenia-like symptoms with onset before puberty, marked by autistic, withdrawn behavior, failure to develop an identity separate from the mother's, and gross developmental immaturity, now classified as pervasive developmental disorders.
disorganized schizophrenia , hebephrenic schizophrenia a form marked by disorganized and incoherent thought and speech, shallow, inappropriate, and silly affect, and regressive behavior without systematized delusions.
paranoid schizophrenia a form characterized by delusions, often with auditory hallucinations, with relative preservation of affect and cognitive functioning.
residual schizophrenia a condition manifested by individuals with symptoms of schizophrenia who, after a psychotic schizophrenic episode, are no longer psychotic.
undifferentiated schizophrenia a type characterized by the presence of prominent psychotic symptoms but not classifiable as catatonic, disorganized, or paranoid.


Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

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schiz·o·phre·ni·a (skts-frn-, -frn-)
n.
Any of a group of psychotic disorders usually characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, and hallucinations, and accompanied in varying degrees by other emotional, behavioral, or intellectual disturbances. Schizophrenia is associated with dopamine imbalances in the brain and may have an underlying genetic cause.

The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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schizophrenia (skit´sfrē´nē),
n (dementia praecox), a functional psychosis (split personality) characterized by emotional distortion, withdrawal from reality, and disturbances of thought processes. It includes such disorders as hebephrenia, catatonia, and paranoia.

Morgellons Disease Not Delusional


Psychiatric News June 1, 2007
Volume 42, Number 11, page 24
© 2007 American Psychiatric Association

I am pleased to see that in the December 15, 2006, issue, Psychiatric News drew attention to Morgellons disease and that the excellent article gave sound advice on communicating with delusional parasitosis patients. However, I would like to add comments about the distinction between Morgellons disease and delusional parasitosis.

I've evaluated and treated Morgellons patients, spoken with researchers and other clinicians who work with these patients, read the limited literature on the subject, and reviewed a database of 3,000 Morgellons patients. The Morgellons patients I have seen had surprisingly similar symptoms, with an abrupt onset, often following a toxic exposure. Before the onset of their illness, these patients' mental status appeared to be quite representative of the general population, and some (including physicians) were high-functioning professionals. The condition appears more common in nurses, teachers, and in family members in the same household, which suggests a contagious component.

After the onset of the illness, these patients report surprisingly similar symptoms. They have a combination of bizarre dermatological sy mptoms, cognit ive impairments, mood disturbances, and sometimes paranoia and suicide attempts in later stages of the illness.

Their symptoms are not compatible with schizophrenia, bipolar illness, substance abuse, or other recognized causes of delusions. When patients complain of fibers protruding from their skin, examination with a low-power digital microscope can visualize and photograph the presence or absence of these fibers. In addition, many Morgellons patients test positive for Lyme disease. The mental symptoms seen in Morgellons are similar to those of other chronic general medical illnesses with psychiatric manifestations, since the mental symptoms fluctuate in a pattern similar to that of the general medical symptoms; and this suggests that the mental symptoms are probably associated with immune and/or toxic effects upon the brain.

When these patients are treated with modest courses of antibiotics, their dermatological and psychiatric symptoms often show significant improvement. Without a thorough assessment, Morgellons patients are commonly given a diagnosis of delusional parasitosis, resulting in a delay in proper treatment. Whatever Morgellons is, it is something very different and unique and should be considered as a condition needing further study and possibly listed in the next edition of the DSM.

In summary, Morgellons disease and delusional parasitosis are two distinct clinical entities. Morgellons does not appear to be an imaginary or delusional illness and merits the research effort that we see with any other emerging and serious illness.

What is Delusional Parasitosis?


Delusional Parasitosis is a mistaken belief that one is being infested by parasites such as mites, lice, fleas, spiders, worms, bacteria, or other organisms. (If of interest, please read from the sufferer's view.) This site has been created in an attempt to centralize accurate information on this misunderstood and increasingly common syndrome.
Definition
Delusional parasitosis or Ekbom's Syndrome is a rare disorder in which sufferers hold a delusional belief they are infested with parasites. A related symptom involving a tactile hallucination of insects, snakes, or other vermin crawling over the skin is known as formication. The origin of this word is from the Latin formica, "ant".
It is not to be confused with Wittmaack-Ekbom or restless legs syndrome. Unfortunately, this is also referred to in short as "Ekbom's Syndrome" leaving the audience having to infer the particular meaning from the context. It is named after a Swedish neurologist, Karl Axel Ekbom, who published seminal accounts of the disease in 1937 and 1938.
The sufferer typically reports parasites to exist under the skin, around or inside body openings, in the stomach or bowels and may include a belief that the parasites infest the sufferer's home, surroundings or clothing.
A person holding such a belief may approach doctors or dermatologists asking for treatment for the supposed infestation, and will often bring small particles, dust, skin flakes and other material for the doctor to inspect. Since the material may be carried in an envelope or matchbox, this presentation is known as the "matchbox sign."
Stimulant drug abuse (particularly amphetamine and cocaine) can lead to delusional parasitosis. For example, excessive cocaine use can lead to an effect nicknamed "cocaine bugs" where the affected person believes he has, or feels parasites crawling under his skin. These conditions are also associated with high fevers and extreme alcohol withdrawal, often associated with visual hallucinations of insects.
People suffering from these conditions may scratch themselves to the extent of serious skin damage and bleeding, especially if they are delirious or intoxicated.

Thursday, January 17, 2008

Morgellons Disease From Outer Space


An extraterrestrial origin for Morgellons disease is a bit farfetched. Yet, this is one of many conspiracy theories surrounding Morgellons Disease. This particular theory may be fueled by a claim that the creatures infecting Morgellon sufferer, Cathy McDonald, were the same creatures found on a meteorite originating from Mars. It could have also simply come from Morgellons sufferers who described the disease as being “like something literally from outer space.” Another theory involves a government coverup. Some believe that Morgellons is the result of chemical trails made by jets dumping substances into the atmosphere for undisclosed reasons. The government denies the existence of these chemtrails, saying that what people are seeing are normal contrails formed from the exhaust of aircraft engines. Yet it is believed that certain government agencies are using chemtrails to test biological weapons with houses and cars having been contaminated by particles that have fallen from the atmosphere. With some cases of Morgellons responding to antibiotic treatment, it is possible that something foreign is attacking the body. It is, however, unclear is this foreign entity is the result of chemtrails.
A theory even more unusual than a disease with Martian origins is the theory that Morgellons is a communicable nanotechnology that has invaded human tissue. These nanomachines are thought to power themselves on the human body’s bio-electric energy when they aren’t using their own internal batteries as a source. They are also thought to be able to send and receive signals and information through microwave, EMF, and ELF signals. The nanomachines are thought to be self-assembling as well as self-replicating. Although it is unknown what kind of data these machines are transmitting, it is thought that they interrupt dream patterns and may be an experiment in mind control.
The prevailing theory among doctors seeing Morgellons patients is that the disease they are suffering from is really delusional parasitosis. Delusional parasitosis is a psychological disorder in which a person feels as though there are insects or parasites crawling on beneath their skin. Self-mutilation is involved in ridding themselves of the insects. Morgellons sufferers presenting with lesions and, even worse, samples of the fibers growing in their lesions are quick to be diagnosed with delusions of parasitosis. They are prescribed antipsychotic drugs and sent on their way without a thorough investigation into their symptoms. This is perhaps the most harmful theory because the people who are supposed to be helping these patients are actually contributing to their suffering by dismissing their symptoms. Although is it unlikely that Morgellons is a result of extraterrestrial pathogens, chemtrails, or nanomachines, its true causation is unknown. That is why more research is needed. People are desperate for someone to figure out why they are suffering. They are getting little help from the people who are supposed to be overseeing the healthcare system in this country. With something shrouded in so much mystery, it is not surprising that people have come up with conspiracy theories to explain the bizarre symptoms. After all, the most popular theory in the medical community about Morgellons disease is that it’s all in their heads.

Where did Morgellons Come From and How Long Has It Been Here?


The history and origin of Morgellons disease as we know it is somewhat limited. Having only been named in 2002, the jury is still out on whether it will be recognized by the CDC as a legitimate condition. There is evidence that the condition existed centuries ago, however much of this evidence exists only in writings from as early as the 1600’s and has little reliable basis in modern medicine.
In 2002, a biologist by the name of Maria Leitao noticed a peculiar condition on her two year old son. There was an open sore on his lip and it seemed to make him uncomfortable. Under further examination, Maria found small fibers in the sores on her son’s lip and was baffled. She labeled the condition Morgellons after a condition described in A Letter To A Friend by Sir Thomas Browne in 1690. At this point there was very little known about Morgellons, even less than is known now.
Because there is still very little know about the condition known as Morgellons, it is difficult to compile an accurate symptoms list. However, the most common complaints from Morgellons sufferers include sensations of insects crawling, stinging or biting on or under the skin and rashes or lesions on various parts of the body that do not heal. From these lesions often come fiber-like filaments, granules or crystals. Joint, muscle and connective tissue pain, debilitating fatigue as well as short term memory loss are also on the list.
Throughout extensive research on the phenomenon known as Morgellons, the medical community has been divided. Many physicians believe that this is a new disease or a newly recognized one that victimizes a number of people around the world. However, others refute that this is an actual disease but instead indicate that many of these patients have psychological problems or other common skin disorders. In many cases it is suggested that the lesions are caused by constant scratching of the crawling sensations, which are explained by delusions of parasitosis.
Research on the most perplexing part of Morgellons, the fibers, is ongoing as well. While some physicians and scientists argue that the fibers caused by environmental factors and synthetic, other evidence is present to show otherwise. Doctors and scientists at Oklahoma State University have studied the fibers in detail. They have been observed under the skin and in the lesions of those reporting of Morgellons disease.
DNA samples of patients being observed with fibers linked to Morgellons has proven to contain an infectious organism known as Agrobacterium. This has been known to produce fibers similar to the ones observed in the patients. It can also cause infections in the human body, weaken the immune system, leading to many symptoms attributed to Morgellons. The fibers have also been examined in forensic labs and compared to a number of other fiber specimines, of which no match was found.
The history of Morgellons remains to be seen, as it is still fairly knew to our civilization. It is important to many health professionals to disprove this so-called imaginary disease and it is equally important for others to prove it does exist. Whatever research is found could mean a new lease on life for those sufferers that have reported Morgellons-like symptoms. It is a debilitating and miserable disease made worse when they are told that that they suffer from does not exist.

Geography and Morgellons Disease


While Morgellons has been reported to exist in every state of the US and a large number of countries throughout the world, it is hard to ignore the facts. Morgellons outbreaks are more prevalent in a handful of areas of the United States than in the rest of the country or world. Those areas particularly at risk are California, Texas and Florida. The reasons for this is still unknown. There are, however, several theories as to why Morgellons has chosen these geographical locations to turn up in the largest amount of people.
There is one school of thought that links Morgellons to Lyme disease, an illness associated with ticks and fleas. Some of the symptoms of Lyme disease are similar to those associated with Morgellons, including joint pain and skin abnormalities. A number of Morgellons sufferers have also been found to have Lyme Disease. For this reason, many people believe that it is a cause of Morgellons. The large concentration of Morgellons sufferers in the common locations could be attributed to the number and type of fleas and ticks that are prevalent in southern states. This does not necessarily explain the high concentration of Morgellons in the Los Angeles and San Francisco areas.
California, Texas and Florida rank first, second and fourth in population among states in the US. For some, this is a reasonable explanation for the outbreak of Morgellons in the most populous cities of these states. Generally, when diseases such as Morgellons break out in largely populated areas, the number of people with that disease in those areas tends to skyrocket, whether the condition is known to be contagious or not. Although there is no conclusive evidence that Morgellons is contagious, it stands to reason that the same environmental factors would affect a large number of people in heavily populated areas.
If you are a conspiracy theorist at heart, then you may enjoy a few of the rationalizations for Morgellons’ concentration in these states. It has been said that because these states have had space shuttle landings and crashes, Morgellons is common there. That’s right, there are people that believe that Morgellons is a space disease and the parasites that cause it are from outer space. These people may also try to convince you that Area 51 is real and that the US government staged the moon landing with the help of the Russian government. Nothing against these people, but most reasonable people opt to give the government the benefit of the doubt.
Overall, geography probably does not play a factor in the cause and onset of Morgellons, except that places of the highest population are going to turn up with more cases. The environmental factors of these locations are possible elements that encourage the growth of the disease and eventually lead to what people think is an outbreak of Morgellons. The increased reports in these areas can also be related to the fact that Morgellons is growing in popularity. Morgellons has gotten increased media attention over the past few years, leading to more people coming forward reporting symptoms.

CDC To Study Morgellons Disease


Imagine strange fibers and other inorganic materials growing out of sores on your skin and feeling like bugs are crawling around under your skin. It’s the type of images that you’d expect from science fiction and horror movies. But it’s a real and frightening disease with an increasing incidence around the world.
It sure doesn’t sound pleasant.
No one knows how many people suffer from this disease but many of those who have gone public with it have said that they were often given wrong or dismissive diagnoses. Many doctors, thinking the problem is a form of delusional parasitosis whereby people believe they are infected with parasites, often refer those suffering from Morgellons disease to a psychiatrist.
It took the research of Mary Leitao, a biologist whose son was suffering from a strange sore on his lip that wouldn’t heal and the feeling of bugs underneath it to investigate the problem further. What she saw, looking through a microscope, was “…were bundles of fibers, balls of fibers…red and blue.’ which glowed under ultraviolet light.
But when Leitao took this research to a doctor at a leading hospital, he ignored her discover and advised her pediatrician that the son simply needed vaseline for the lip sore and the mother needed a psychiatric evaluation.
Leitao has since established the Morgellons Research Foundation to provide support, advocacy, and information for those suffering from the disease and for those interested in learning more.
Today, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced they are launching a study to investigate a mystery disease known as Morgellons.
The study, in conjunction with Kaiser Permanente, will take place in northern California where many of the reported cases of Morgellons are located. Study participants will be given blood tests, skin examinations, and psychological evaluations to help determine the cause of this mysterious disease.
You can watch ABC “Nightline” at 11:35 p.m. ET tonight and “Good Morning America” Thursday at 7 a.m to learn more about the disease and the CDC study.

Are You At Risk For Morgellons Disease (By Bobbie Abdallah)


You have probably heard it said, what you don't know can still hurt you. Never has that been truer than with the newly emerging mystery disease called Morgellons.Haven't heard of Morgellons Disease? You're not alone. And that's why you must know more -- because what you don't know about this ailment can indeed hurt you.Morgellons Disease is a little-known, yet growing threat in our present day world. In fact, many consider that Morgellons may very possibly become the "plague" of our generation. In fact, so little is known about this disease that no one can even explain where it came from. The earliest reference, in 1674, mentions similar symptoms which are seen today. Another tiny clue is found in 1862, in a drawing created by Dr. Michel Ettmuller of skin lesions commonly associated with Morgellons.But what exactly is Morgellons Disease? Some of the symptoms include debilitating exhaustion, skin lesions that refuse to heal, "brain fog" and even the sensation of bugs and worms biting or crawling under your skin!But even worse, there's physical disfigurement and unrelenting pain and discomfort in your joints. All leading to social isolation because of how others will react in fear and ignorance towards you and your symptoms. People fear what they don't understand and Morgellons is certainly an unknown disease.But are you really at risk from this mystery disease? Many people scoff at the very idea that Morgellons poses a real risk. Instead they portray so-called patients as delusional or attention-seekers. But before you jump to the same conclusion, consider the following: samples taken from the skin lesions of individuals claiming to be affected by Morgellons revealed the infestation of a wingless, arthropod insect called a springtail or collembola. Perhaps some exotic insect from a faraway place? Hardly. They can be found inside, in damp areas near sinks or leaky pipes, or outside in damp soil, near pools, ponds or other water sources.Or consider that Morgellons Disease is suspected to be associated to other diseases that present similar symptoms, specifically Lyme borreliosis. Yes, the same Lyme disease that affected more than 23,000 people in 2005, through the simple bite of an infected tick.Ready to run to the doctor? It may not help you. Even the doctor you rely upon for medical advice probably has no answers for you. Worse yet, because of the lack of medical information, his diagnosis will completely rely upon his own personal theory of what Morgellons really is.Very little is certain about Morgellons Disease except that is a frightening unknown ailment. The freakish symptoms, only a few of which are described here, frighten those with them and those who fear they've been exposed. Doctors are at a loss to explain the causes and at an even greater loss to treat them. With little scientific explanation, a large, confusing array of symptoms and without even a standardized test to detect this disease, Morgellons remains one of the great medical mysteries of our present day. But perhaps the greatest threat from Morgellons is fear. Without asking the tough questions, without pushing for greater research and understanding, the effects of Morgellons can never be addressed. This may be the first time you've heard of Morgellons, but unfortunately, it's most likely not the last.

What is Morgellons Disease (By Bobbie Abdallah)


You have probably heard it said, what you don't know can still hurt you. Never has that been truer than with the newly emerging mystery disease called Morgellons.
Haven't heard of Morgellons Disease? You're not alone. And that's why you must know more -- because what you don't know about this ailment can indeed hurt you.
Morgellons Disease is a little-known, yet growing threat in our present day world. In fact, many consider that Morgellons may very possibly become the "plague" of our generation.
In fact, so little is known about this disease that no one can even explain where it came from. The earliest reference, in 1674, mentions similar symptoms which are seen today. Another tiny clue is found in 1862, in a drawing created by Dr. Michel Ettmuller of skin lesions commonly associated with Morgellons.
But what exactly is Morgellons Disease? Some of the symptoms include debilitating exhaustion, skin lesions that refuse to heal, "brain fog" and even the sensation of bugs and worms biting or crawling under your skin!
But even worse, there's physical disfigurement and unrelenting pain and discomfort in your joints. All leading to social isolation because of how others will react in fear and ignorance towards you and your symptoms. People fear what they don't understand and Morgellons is certainly an unknown disease.
But are you really at risk from this mystery disease? Many people scoff at the very idea that Morgellons poses a real risk. Instead they portray so-called patients as delusional or attention-seekers.
But before you jump to the same conclusion, consider the following: samples taken from the skin lesions of individuals claiming to be affected by Morgellons revealed the infestation of a wingless, arthropod insect called a springtail or collembola. Perhaps some exotic insect from a faraway place? Hardly. They can be found inside, in damp areas near sinks or leaky pipes, or outside in damp soil, near pools, ponds or other water sources.
Or consider that Morgellons Disease is suspected to be associated to other diseases that present similar symptoms, specifically Lyme borreliosis. Yes, the same Lyme disease that affected more than 23,000 people in 2005, through the simple bite of an infected tick.
Ready to run to the doctor? It may not help you. Even the doctor you rely upon for medical advice probably has no answers for you. Worse yet, because of the lack of medical information, his diagnosis will completely rely upon his own personal theory of what Morgellons really is.
Very little is certain about Morgellons Disease except that is a frightening unknown ailment. The freakish symptoms, only a few of which are described here, frighten those with them and those who fear they've been exposed. Doctors are at a loss to explain the causes and at an even greater loss to treat them.
With little scientific explanation, a large, confusing array of symptoms and without even a standardized test to detect this disease, Morgellons remains one of the great medical mysteries of our present day.
But perhaps the greatest threat from Morgellons is fear. Without asking the tough questions, without pushing for greater research and understanding, the effects of Morgellons can never be addressed.
This may be the first time you've heard of Morgellons, but unfortunately, it's most likely not the last.